A French graduate student reached out by email yesterday with the following problem. Consider a format such as TOML which has line comments: when a ‘#’ character is encountered, the rest of the line is omitted. Let us look at an example: [build-system] #…

Compute performance has been held back by memory performance for decades, with DRAM performance falling even further behind with every year. Caches compensate for this by trying to keep frequently used data closer to the CPU core. As DRAM performance became…

GPGPU processor supporting RISCV-V extension, developed with Chisel HDL - THU-DSP-LAB/ventus-gpgpu

There are many theories regarding what biological aging. Animals can differ by up to six orders of magnitude (100000x) in longevity. Some animal species like the lobster or the naked model rate do not exhibit measurable biological aging (they have negligible…

Bryan Caplan, an economist, raised an interesting question on Twitter: why aren’t people celebrating the fact that tools like GPT might soon allow us to produce many more research papers at the same cost, without sacrificing quality? The American government…

In a previous blog post, I showed how you could define ‘an interface’ in C++ using concepts. For example, I can specify that a type should have the methods has_next, next and reset: template <typename T> concept is_iterable = requires(T v) { { v.has_next()…

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DRAM Training DRAM 一直有一个比较麻烦的初始化过程，就是 DRAM Training，其中很重要的一步就是计算出各个数据线相对于时钟的偏移（skew）。这个偏移是怎么来的呢？
我们知道，对于 SRAM，如果想要更多的位宽，只需要把地址线和控制信号连接到多个 SRAM 上，然后把 SRAM 的数据信号并行连接到 FPGA 上就可以了，但是前提是要尽量保证等长，否则一样有偏移的问题。DRAM 也是采用类似的方法进行扩展的，但是 DRAM 通常需要并行连接很多个芯片，例如…

In an earlier blog post, I showed on the Go programming language allow you to write generic functions once you have defined an interface. Java has a very similar concept under the same name (interface). I gave the following example: type IntIterable interface…

This article was written in March 2023. At the time of writing, the encoders we used were still in active development. As codec standards and encoders evolve, some of the information may become outdated. A Turning Point for Codecs For the longest time, MPEG…

Some university professor include ‘trigger warnings’ in their course material, to warn students that potentially disturbing content may be encountered. According to Birdgland et al., the research on the effectiveness of trigger warnings suggests that not…

The primary change in Chisel v3.6.0 is the transition from the Scala FIRRTL Compiler to the new MLIR FIRRTL Compiler. This will have a minimal impact on typical Chisel user APIs but a large impact ...

前言Arm v8的故事已然延续了十载，公版微架构从A57、A53演进到了X1、A78、A55，逐渐从嵌入式、移动端开疆扩土到了个人电脑与服务器领域。其间有过A73、A75的缓速前行，也有过A76、A77的阔步迈进。天下没有不散的筵…

We are all familiar with the concept even if we are not aware of it: when you learn about arithmetic in school, you use the same mathematical symbols whether you are dealing with integers, fractions or real numbers. In software programming, this concept is…